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Engage men and boys to end VAWG

Engage men and boys to end VAWG

Globally, most violence against women and girls (VAWG) is perpetrated by men and boys. In many contexts, dominant norms around the roles and appropriate behaviour of men and women are used to underpin and justify men’s perpetration of VAWG. These commonly include expectations that men should be dominant, and women should be submissive, and that men should control and “correct” women’s behaviour. In some contexts, violence is seen as an acceptable means to achieve this. Girls and boys learn these expectations as they grow up through both experience and observation at home, at school and in the community. At the same time, research shows us that many men and boys are not comfortable with these expectations and behaviours but may feel social pressure to live up to them and prove their manhood. It is therefore critical that violence prevention efforts work with men and boys to transform the gender attitudes and norms that facilitate and drive VAWG and engage them as allies for VAWG prevention.

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Guiding Principles
  • Do no harm approach
  • Leave No One Behind, Equity and Non-Discrimination
  • Transformative approach
Spotlight Initiative

Approach and Learning

Spotlight Initiative has used four key strategies in its programmes to engage men and boys in work to end VAWG:

Engage male leaders and role models, Work in schools and universities, Campaigns promoting non-violence, and Develop peer-support spaces

Engage male leaders and role models in the community to challenge social norms used to justify VAWG. Spotlight Initiative programmes have worked with sports stars, male celebrities, and religious leaders to denounce VAWG, promote respectful behaviour towards women; and raise awareness of the impacts of VAWG. For example:

  • In Nigeria and Argentina, programmes have worked with sports stars in football to denounce VAWG and promote respectful behaviour towards women.
  • In Tajikistan, they have recruited male celebrities to be gender champions to raise awareness of the impacts of VAWG.
  • In Mozambique and El Salvador, they worked with religious leaders, training them to on how to report violence, integrating theological arguments against VAWG into curriculums, and sharing messages condemning VAWG to congregations of over 672,000 people.

Spotlight Initiative has also developed peer-support spaces for men and boys, where they can reflect on culturally relevant ideals of masculinity and social norms that perpetuate VAWG and take action to end VAWG in their communities. The focus of these spaces is to provide opportunities for men and boys to become advocates for women’s rights and to end VAWG.

Work in schools and universities to initiate dialogues about VAWG, creating opportunities for male and female students to reflect on the links between rape and patriarchal masculinity, as well as how to become agents of change. Spotlight Initiative programmes have also supported teachers to establish school-clubs to raise awareness of the impact of VAWG and helped boys to initiate discussions around what to do if they see or hear harmful gender stereotypes or behaviours or witness VAWG.

Fund campaigns focused on promoting appropriate non-violent responses to stressful and conflictual situations and fostering healthy, equitable, loving relationships within the family unit. Spotlight Initiative has also promoted positive-parenting skills and encouraged families to condemn VAWG, violence and bullying. They have also partnered with football associations and popular TV channels to broadcast these campaigns.

  • In Honduras, Spotlight Initiative ran a campaign called “The Dad I Want” which challenged norms related to traditional notions of masculinity by asking children to describe the type of Dad they wanted. Answers included “A Dad who tells me, I love you”.
  • In Grenada, a campaign, “Step up your Parenting Game” promoted positive-parenting practices through radio and print. It is estimated to have reached 25,000 people. See case study below
  • In Argentina, the programme launched a campaign entitled, “Friend, Take Notice”, which shared videos and animations that encouraged male adolescents to reflect on cultures of Machismo and to end VAWG. The Argentine Football Association supported this campaign by airing it on their channels and clubs. Disney/FOX also donated space to broadcast the campaign on their channels.

Top Tips

How to engage men and boys in VAWG programming - top tips based on wider learning in the sector.

Click a tip for more information.
Ensure women are centred in engagement with men and boys
Ensure programmes are context-specific
Ensure programmes address risk factors for men perpetrating VAWG
Consider which men are most appropriate to engage in the context
Ensure programmes take an intersectional approach
Take a gender transformative approach to programming
Develop age-appropriate initiatives for working with boys
Develop a comprehensive approach to manage risks and backlash